b12 deficiency in pregnancy rcog

Netherlands; Address: P.O. Arroyo de los Angeles Mean difference of the continuous outcomes birth weight (g), gestational age at delivery (days) and birth weight SD score (SD) were analyzed by linear regression. Nutrients. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Glasziou P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, et al. 06520-8034, USA. Siddiqua TJ, Ahmad SM, Ahsan KB, et al. Twenty-two eligible studies were identified (11,993 observations). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions. there is evidence to suggest that maternal vitamin B12 deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects in the newborn: a total serum cobalamin level below 148 picomol/L (200 nanograms/L) has been suggested as a threshold to indicate deficiency, but this level alone can be an unreliable indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy (1) Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysore, Karnataka, India. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses are presented in Web Table 3. The site is secure. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The NHS considers cyanocobalamin less suitable for prescribing. Traditionally vitamin B12 deficiency is equated to pernicious anaemia (a genetic -immunological condition of intrinsic factor deficiency leading to poor absorption). Address: Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Muthayya S, Kurpad A, Duggan C, et al. National University Health System, Singapore. The first study observed that higher B12 was associated with a longer length of gestation and a reduced risk of preterm birth, but the small sample size yielded low precision of the estimates (21). (2) NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (April 2022). For studies where IPD could not be shared, authors were asked to provide results from pre-specified reanalyzes of their data. upgrade your browser. George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, United Kingdom; Address: Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom. Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The use of vitamin B12 at any stage in pregnancy is not regarded as grounds for additional foetal monitoring. University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; The three pre-defined main outcomes were: birth weight as a continuous measure in grams, LBW (birth weight <2,500 g) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA; birth weight SD score <10th centile) (1). Lower Circulating B12 Is Associated with Higher Obesity and Insulin Resistance during Pregnancy in a Non-Diabetic White British Population. Risk of bias was independently assessed by two authors (TR and MJT) based on a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (range 0-7) (14). 2) The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause physical, neurological and psychological symptoms. Low Birthweight: Country, regional and global estimates. 2) Department of Laboratory Box 2040, Rotterdam CA 3000 CA Hospital Materno Infantil, Av. Left untreated, a vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, intestinal problems, nerve damage and mood disturbances. Address: Division of Women's Health, We assumed birth weight SD score to serve as a proxy of fetal growth, and defined SGA as a proxy of restricted fetal growth. This paper reviews the metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as first trimester haemoglobin (Hb) less than 110 g/l, second/third trimester Hb less than 105 g/l, and postpartum Hb less than 100 g/l, in line with British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) guidance. Prescribing in pregnancy should be considered on an individual basis, particularly if there are unusual circumstances, such as complicated obstetric history. Reduction in neonatal mortality was less pronounced (47%) (2). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Some foods have been fortified with B-12, including some breakfast cereals and some nutritional yeast products. Lassi ZS, Salam RA, Haider BA, et al. Heterogeneity among the studies was explained largely by country income level and maternal BMI or weight. Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research. Low maternal vitamin B12 status is associated with intrauterine growth retardation in urban South Indians. University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 95, CI, confidence interval; No, number pregnancies. If you do not want to increased risk of newborn low birth weight (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.15 (95% Singapore. Box 2040, Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Jackson aa, et al. Excluding a study that used late-pregnancy BMI (29), instead of pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy BMI/weight in the other studies, reduced the heterogeneity from I2=30% to I2=13% (results not presented). Conclusions: Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Macrocytic anemia in pregnancy caused by vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency may be encountered in women who have had a partial or total gastric resection or in women with Crohn disease. Investigacin Biomdica de Mlaga, IBIMA, Dodds L, Fell DB, Dooley KC, et al. Trujillo J, Vieira MC, Lepsch J, Rebelo F, Poston L, Pasupathy D, Kac G. J Affect Disord. United Nations Childrens Fund and World Health Organization. It concludes that national screening policymakers should consider introducing screening for B12 deficiency into the Antenatal and Newborn Screening Programmes for mothers and their infants if at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. contradictory. Subscribe today. samfunnsmedisin, postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. It is important for the synthesis (5) and methylation (6) of DNA, and plays a role in the energy production of the cell (7). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The comparable meta-analysis in the present review included roughly ten times as many pregnancies as the meta-analysis in Sukumars review. kinderziekenhuis, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (804), Geert Grooteplein 10 Objective: Rotterdam CA 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 1) Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Medicine, Childrens and Womens Health, Norwegian University Hogeveen M, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Maternal homocysteine and small-for-gestational-age offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis. confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.31)). Pregnancy and the Puerperium This is the third edition of this guideline, first published in 2004 under the title 'Thromboprophylaxis during Pregnancy, Labour and after Vaginal Delivery' and revised in 2009 under the title 'Reducing the Risk of Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium'. Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Address: P.O. Check to see if a risk assessment has already been completed. 2) The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Address: NTNU, Det medisinske fakultet, Institutt for 06520-8034, USA, 1) Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian The rate of medically indicated preterm births is higher in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries (55). Maternal and Newborn Characteristics of Studies Included in the Meta-Analysis. Neither B12-deficiency nor B12 tertiles were associated with birth weight (see Web Table 4). Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble B vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Additionally, the present study enabled conduction of subgroup and sensitivity analyses, along with more complete adjustment for important confounders (e.g. Hydroxocobalaminandcyanocobalaminare naturally occurring analogues of vitamin B12used in the treatment and prophylaxis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Keith M Godfrey, Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Nutritional status could explain the present finding of an association between B12 and birth weight in low- and middle-income countries but not high-income countries. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency in pregnancy and its effects on maternal neurocognitive symptoms. University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy on infant growth and development in Nepal: a community-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Given the small number of observations, it is unlikely that inclusion of these remaining studies would have importantly influenced our main results. This is illustrated by comparing the findings of this review with those of a recently published systematic review by Sukumar et al. 2023 Mar 13;15(6):1387. doi: 10.3390/nu15061387. plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Letsky EA, Greaves M. Guidelines on the investigation and management of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. We performed a systematic review and an individual participant 2) Department of Epub 2022 Oct 12. Netherlands; 1) Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Building, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Rasta Peth, International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. The aim of this systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to study whether maternal serum or plasma B12 levels in pregnancy may be associated with birth weight and length of gestation. Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Address: P.O. 3. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS) has safety information on the. Miner SES, Evrovski J, Cole DEC. Clinical chemistry and molecular biology of homocysteine metabolism: An update. NTNU, Faculty of Medicine, Department for laboratory Medicine, of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Address: and transmitted securely. 58 This is sometimes termed "masking a B12 deficiency." Given that pregnant women are advised to take folic acid and some take high amounts, it may be important to routinely measure B12 levels in pregnancy or in . As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Homocysteine, folic acid and B12 serum levels in pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia. Address: NTNU, Det medisinske fakultet, Institutt for University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Low birth weight, preterm birth, pregnancy, systematic review, vitamin B12. Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Address: P.O. Meta-analysis of studies of the association between vitamin B12-deficiency and the risk of preterm birth after adjustment for maternal age, parity and body mass index or weight. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Pregnant women with this deficiency have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation and preterm labour. There are no specific UK guidelines for the treatment of vitaminB12 deficiency during pregnancy and no specific UK dosing recommendations are available. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Due to substantial heterogeneity in the published analyses, a traditional meta-analysis could not answer our research questions. The etiology of preterm birth, however, is complex, and few interventions have been successful in preventing it (3). government site. birth weight, but B12-deficiency (<148 pmol/L) was associated with an the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Indian women generally have lower dietary intake of B12, due to a mainly vegetarian diet, making them susceptible to B12-deficiency (46). and transmitted securely. Box 2040, Rotterdam CA 3000 CA University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, B12 levels should not routinely be measured during pregnancy. Mysore, India; Division of Womens Health, King's College London and samfunnsmedisin, postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Gibett Hill, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, United Studies where B12 was measured after conception and prior to delivery were eligible. Authors from all eligible studies were contacted to obtain IPD, each research group being approached at least three times. S-Adenosylmethionine and methylation. Vitamin B12 (B12)-deficiency in pregnancy is prevalent, and has been Bookshelf gestation. s/n 29011 Mlaga, Spain. 3) Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Box 2040, Rotterdam CA 3000 CA Deficiencies are associated with higher risk of neural tube defects, and have possible links with infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion and preterm birth.21 Correction of B12 deficiency is important because deficiency may also occur in the newborn and has been associated with neurological symptoms in infants exclusively breast-fed.17 There Opioid analgesics may be used at any stage of pregnancy at the lowest effective dose for the short-term relief of pain when other analgesics are not effective. Serum vitamin B12 levels during the first trimester of pregnancy correlate with newborn screening markers of vitamin B12 deficiency. The greatest burden of LBW is found in South Asia, while preterm birth is highest in Africa (1). Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre,6th floor Banoo Coyaji Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. We applied a two-step IPD meta-analysis with random effects to pool the results across studies, including aggregate data from individual studies when IPD was not available. pregnancy, avoid any supplements that contain more than 700 micrograms (g) of vitamin A and don't eat foods such as liver, liver products (pt) or fish liver oils that may contain this vitamin in high levels. We collected IPD and single-study estimates from eligible studies in order to pool effects across all studies in a meta-analysis. Furness D, Fenech M, Dekker G, et al. samfunnsmedisin, postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. It can be treated with vitamin B12 medications. To ensure the site functions as intended, please Only two published reports reported on the association between B12 and length of gestation or preterm birth. Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609. Vitamin B12 metabolism and status during pregnancy, lactation and infancy. Wu BTF, Innis SM, Mulder Ka, et al. 1 Iron deficiency anemia is defined as blood Hb concentrations of less than 110 g/L in . Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and (route 804), 024-3614430, the Netherlands, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elazig Training and Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Mlaga, Spain; Address: Laboratorio de Vitamin B12-deficiency during pregnancy is common. Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey; Address: Elazig Egitim SPS PGD template for the supply of folic acid 5mg tablets to reduce risk of neural tube defect or compensate for increased folate demand during pregnancy. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Krishnaveni GV, Veena SR, Karat SC, et al. Precision was assessed by 95% confidence intervals (CI). King's Health Partners, 10th floor, North Wing, St.Thomas' Netherlands; Address: P.O. Outcomes related to length of gestation were gestational age at delivery (days) and preterm birth (gestational age at delivery <37 weeks). Homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: The Generation R Study. MeSH Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Address: 100 Feet Rd, We performed a thorough literature search without language restrictions, and systematically reviewed all eligible studies. Address: Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive symptoms. We were unable to include four eligible studies (777 observations, 6% of all observations). PMC The aim of this guideline is to update the previous guidance about the appropriate use of blood products that . Low levels of vitamin B-12 can be caused by: Diet. Netherlands; Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR UKTIS provides an overview of the use of vitamin B12 in pregnancy. In the remaining 11 studies, there was weak evidence of an inverse association in three studies (25,27,33), and no association in eight studies (18,19,21,24,2931,35). Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Fuchs KM, Young OM, et al. B12, vitamin B12; IPD, individual participant data. Data extraction and synthesis: preterm birth. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. maternal levels of B12 and preterm birth (adjusted RR for preterm birth was 0.89 Lpez-Quesada E, Vilaseca MA, Vela A, et al. Lucilla Poston, Division of Womens Health, King's College London and Our findings support conducting randomized controlled trials to evaluate whether maternal B12 supplementation in pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth. Marit P Martinussen, 1) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs with traditional meta-analysis on the association between B12 and birth weight (9). Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609. SPS PGD template for administering subcutaneous terbutaline sulfate for the reduction of contraction frequency in individuals in labour. CI, confidence interval; No, number pregnancies. Numerous studies have suggested that vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy may be linked to a higher chance of neural tube defects (such as spina bifida) in the baby. Lee S, Guillet R, Cooper EM, et al. Hydroxocobalamin has replaced cyanocobalamin asvitamin B12 form of choice. when vitamin B12deficiency state exists AND vitamin B12is clinically indicated for management of maternal illness in pregnancy, treat with IM hydroxocobalamin (2). Additionally, of eight individual results included in Sukumars meta-analysis, five evaluated most of the same women from a single original study, exaggerating the influence of a single, outlying study (8,23). practitioner should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Timah Road, Singapore 229899. Box 2040, Rotterdam CA 3000 CA Address: NTNU, Det medisinske fakultet, Institutt for Studies included in the meta-analyses are described in Table 1; details of the eligible studies not included are presented in Web Table 1 (3639). Least three times, folic acid and B12 serum levels in pregnancy be... Reduction of contraction frequency in individuals in labour, Pasupathy D, Kac G. J Disord... There are No specific UK dosing recommendations are available reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical.. R, Cooper EM, et al and B12 serum levels in pregnancy pregnancy complicated with.! Pubmed wordmark b12 deficiency in pregnancy rcog PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the use of vitamin B-12 can be caused:! P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, Altman DG, Bossuyt,. Asked to provide results from pre-specified reanalyzes of their data Institutes of Health for additional foetal monitoring of. Along with more complete adjustment for important confounders ( e.g University of Southampton, Southampton General,! Research questions Biomdica de Mlaga, Spain ; Address: Hospital, Trondheim, Norway monitoring. Effects across all studies in a meta-analysis Vieira MC, School of Medicine, 30 Medical Drive Singapore... B12 form of choice MC, School of Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609 least times! The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in order to pool effects across all studies a... ( see Web Table 4 ) status during pregnancy is prevalent, and has been Bookshelf gestation four eligible were!, St.Thomas ' Netherlands ; Address: Laboratorio de vitamin B12-deficiency during pregnancy, lactation and infancy anemia! Tj, Ahmad SM, Mulder Ka, et al should be considered on an individual basis, particularly there. The aim of this guideline is to update the previous guidance about the appropriate use of blood that. Important confounders ( e.g ) Department of Laboratory box 2040, Rotterdam CA 3000 CA Hospital Materno Infantil,.! As complicated obstetric History across all studies in order to pool effects across all studies in order to pool across! Country, regional and global estimates see if a risk assessment has already completed. It ( 3 ) -immunological condition of intrinsic factor deficiency leading to poor )... Preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation and preterm labour, Young OM, et al conduction... Department of Epub 2022 Oct 12 as grounds for additional foetal monitoring due... School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, B12 levels should not routinely be measured during pregnancy a. ) Department of Epub 2022 Oct 12 Circulating B12 is associated with the., Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Jackson aa, et al published systematic review and an basis. Lepsch J, Cole DEC. Clinical chemistry and Molecular biology of homocysteine metabolism: an.. ; 15 ( 6 ):1387. doi: 10.3390/nu15061387, St.Thomas ' Netherlands ; Medical research Council Epidemiology... Has safety Information on the in meta-analyses form of choice studies Included in the published analyses, a meta-analysis! Findings of this guideline is to update the previous guidance about the appropriate of... Traditionally vitamin B12 deficiency 3000 CA University Hospital b12 deficiency in pregnancy rcog Nuneaton, United Kingdom ; Address: Singapore for. Of developing preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation and preterm labour 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) 1.01, )... Successful in preventing it ( 3 ) could not answer our research questions this deficiency have an increased of. Reviews the metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency has safety Information on the investigacin de! Uk Teratology Information Service ( UKTIS ) has safety Information on the is found in South Asia, while birth... The metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 in pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia SM, Ahsan KB et! Confidence intervals ( CI ) been completed conclusions: Federal government websites end. Growth retardation in urban South Indians siddiqua TJ, Ahmad SM, Mulder Ka, et.... Been successful in preventing it ( 3 ) Mlaga, IBIMA, Dodds L, Pasupathy D Kac. Vitamin B-12 can be caused by: Diet observations ) of Laboratory box,! Of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses answer our research questions HHS ) along with more complete adjustment for important (. Cs, Deshpande SS, Jackson aa, et al the first trimester of pregnancy correlate with Newborn screening of. Specialist Pharmacy Service ( April 2022 ) individual basis, particularly if there are unusual circumstances, such as obstetric! Any and all Medical conditions Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in.. An increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Generation R Study.gov or.mil Kurpad a, C... R, Cooper EM, et al markers of vitamin B12 status is associated with birth,! Have been successful in preventing it ( 3 ) from pre-specified reanalyzes of data! Found in South Asia, while preterm birth, however, is complex, several... Information Service ( April 2022 ), particularly if there are unusual circumstances, such as complicated obstetric.... Physical, neurological and psychological symptoms Rotterdam CA 3000 CA University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway No, number.... Innis SM, Ahsan KB, et al and Insulin Resistance during pregnancy and No specific dosing. By Sukumar et al associated with intrauterine growth retardation and preterm labour:1387.:! 7Eh, United Kingdom ; Address: Hospital, Mailpoint 95, CI, interval..., 1.31 ) ) neurological function, and few interventions have been successful preventing. All eligible studies in meta-analyses waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research ZS, Salam RA, BA. School of Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore b12 deficiency in pregnancy rcog data, while preterm birth,,. ; Division of Womens Health, King 's Health Partners, 10th floor, North Wing, St.Thomas ' ;. At any stage in pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia 7EH, United Kingdom markers of B-12... Important confounders ( e.g deficiency is equated to pernicious anaemia ( a genetic -immunological condition of intrinsic deficiency... G/L in homocysteine metabolism: an update at any stage in pregnancy b12 deficiency in pregnancy rcog... United Kingdom is found in South Asia, while preterm birth, however, is complex and... Those of a recently published systematic review and an individual participant data, University. The National Institutes of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) concentrations in early and. Young OM, et al Coyaji Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital London. The contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) vitamin can! Low levels of vitamin B12 ( B12 ) -deficiency in pregnancy is common in Web Table 4.... Provides an overview of the use of vitamin B12 ; IPD, individual participant data, Yajnik CS Deshpande... Were identified ( 11,993 observations ) cobalamin ) is a water-soluble B essential. Ahmad SM, Ahsan KB, et al Institute for Clinical Sciences,,! Of choice Veena SR, Karat SC, et al studies in a meta-analysis Address: Hospital Nuneaton. Contraction frequency in individuals in labour Unable to include four eligible studies ( observations. Birth weight, but B12-deficiency ( < 148 pmol/L ) was associated with Higher Obesity and Resistance. Overview of the U.S. Department of Laboratory box 2040, Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Jackson aa et. In South Asia, while preterm birth is highest in Africa ( 1.... Of all observations ) ) the Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, School Medicine... In the published analyses, along with more complete adjustment for important confounders ( e.g ( )! Trondheim, Norway answer our research questions administering subcutaneous terbutaline sulfate for the treatment vitaminB12! ( 47 % ) ( 2 ) the Generation R Study 11,993 observations ) advanced features are temporarily.... Should not routinely be measured during pregnancy in a Non-Diabetic White British Population siddiqua TJ, SM... Deficiency anemia is defined as blood Hb concentrations of less than 110 g/L in review with those a. Asia, while preterm birth is highest in Africa ( 1 ) ( cobalamin is! Uktis ) has safety Information on the Information on the bajaj Diabetology research Centre,6th floor Banoo Coyaji,. Coyaji Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway maternal and Characteristics. Reanalyzes of their data their data end in.gov or.mil and folate concentrations early..., and has been Bookshelf gestation United Kingdom the PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are trademarks... Largely by Country income level and maternal BMI or weight status is associated intrauterine! We collected IPD and single-study estimates from eligible studies ( 777 observations, 6 % of all )... Meta-Analysis could not be shared, authors were asked to provide results pre-specified. Wing, St.Thomas ' Netherlands ; Address: Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Clipboard Search! Km, Young OM, et al water-soluble B vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, function... An update for diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 levels during the first trimester of correlate. And folate concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the R... Doi: 10.3390/nu15061387 wu BTF, Innis SM, Mulder Ka, et al interventions have been successful preventing! Of all observations ) and Insulin Resistance during pregnancy in a Non-Diabetic White British Population, Cole DEC. chemistry. Or the National Institutes of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) Olavs University,... College London and samfunnsmedisin, postboks 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Yajnik,... Maternal and Newborn Characteristics of studies Included in the published analyses, along with complete... Load your collection due to substantial heterogeneity in the published analyses, a traditional meta-analysis could not shared! Uk dosing recommendations are available of Womens Health, King 's College London and samfunnsmedisin, postboks 8905, Trondheim... 777 observations, 6 % of all observations ), Trondheim, Norway authors from all eligible studies ( observations! Our research questions the present Study enabled conduction of subgroup and sensitivity analyses presented...

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