how much does a cow cost in georgia

The final total cost of your order will depend on the hanging weight of your cow. Dam: unregistered cross 34" black cow Price: $1500 OBO Please contact for more information. Dont forget to include death loss when counting the cows that leave the herd! As an average, it costs between $0.50 to $0.90 per hanging weight pound to butcher a cow, though this doesnt take into account any additional costs you might pay. Cost per cow prices for cattle such as these range from a base price of $550 to $700 depending on whether they are meat calves or dairy calves, with dairy calves being cheaper. Beef heifers are also very profitable in their own right, often providing steady income streams through regular sales at auctions or direct-to-consumer sales. Equipment is often purchased to reduce labor and labor is needed to operate equipment. They only require regular health check-ups, vaccinations, and adequate grazing land and feed. can only be answered generally since many factors are involved, and every farmer's situation is different. Local farmers may be willing to sell you a cow for less than market prices. increased. Lets look at the average slaughter value of a steer for Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. $400 divided by 2,000 pounds in a ton= $0.20 per pound for hay. Well-fed cows give more milk, produce more offspring, and slip into adulthood with little illness or complications. Or a 1,200-pound steer will get you 480 pounds of meat. mmxxiii no. For example, a cow's breed and genetics play a large part in its market value. A cow will cost between $900 to $5,000. For instance, a four pack of six-ounce Kobe Beef filets retails for $208 at Sam's Club. Ultimately, the question "how much does a cow cost?" Additionally, a cow that has been, Jersey cows can cost as little as $1,400 to $1,800, Cows sold by weight are usually sold between $1.05 and $1.35 per pound, Heifers are cheaper than bred cows, ranging between $500 and $1,000, Lactating dairy cows usually cost between $1,500 and $2,100. Alfalfa is priced by crop. A beef yearling will cost between $650 and $750 per calf. The cost of shelter depends on the number of cattle you have and the climate of your environment. A typical hanging weight for a quarter cow is between 125 and 150 lbs, and the butchering costs average out to about $1.25/lb HW. He edits our writers work as well as contributing his own content. So a 1,200-pound cow might cost anywhere between $1,560 and $1,920. Utility Cows price average: $70/cwt. This site is owned and operated by Duran International, LLC, headquartered in Idaho, USA. For an estimate of the cost, a half cow generally weighs about 200 lbs. You've only seen one page. For example, if a rancher has 200 cows and leases a neighbors place and is now able to run an addition 100 cows, they probably are not going to buy another pickup, trailer, tractor, or ATV just because they added another 100 cows. There are several costs associated with butchering a cow, including the cost to kill, butcher, and prep the meat. Mature cattle will cost anywhere from $850 to $4,500 depending on factors like breed, type, age, lineage and more. Beef cows typically cost between $2,500 and $3,000. In the spring of 2023, this price includes either a bred dairy cow or a cow and calf combo. It costs $1,000 to butcher a cow (paid to the butcher), plus the kill fee of $80 and the cost of the cow. This includes their feed and care. A cow will cost less if you produce your own feed or if you have more acres to grass-feed the cow from. Seed: $15/acre x 30 = $450. Although farmers generally want a heavier cow, the weight shouldnt come at the expense of age, since older cows are usually worth less than younger cows by weight, even if they are worth more overall. In comparison, processed Black Angus beef is priced at around $10 to $20 per pound of hanging . So, how much does a cow cost? . 1122.00/120 days = $9.35/180 calves = 5 cents per head per day. That will cost you additional money in reseeding. Cow Costs Depend on the Purpose and Breed of the Cow, Age, breed, gender, and purpose affect the, Older calves $800-900 depending on weight, Beef heifers will generally cost about $2,500 to $3,000 per head with an average price of $2,800 per cow. Its best to plan on about 36lbs a day of hay per cow until you figure out the best ways to minimize hay waste. A single cow will need between 2-5 acres per cow to grass-feed. Other needs such as halters, equipment, etc. Karnes County Livestock Exhange 6/16/2023. For many ranchers, creatively finding ways to reduce or even eliminate cow depreciation can be a significant way to reduce annual cow costs. If you have 100 cows and expect to sell 85 calves (85% of bred cows), then your average profit from each cow is $608. In addition to being underweight, they may face more significant health complications. Generally, cows between 1 and 4 provide optimal returns for producers to maximize profits on a steer or slaughtered heifer. First, we got chickens, then ducks. Some cattle sell for as much as $170 CWT or $1.70 per pound. Bottle calves can cost as little as $50-$100 while yearlings are typically between $800-$1000. If the market value of the grass that cows graze or the hay they are fed is not being accurately accounted for, then the cow-calf enterprise may be being subsidized by other enterprises on the ranch. Heifers that weigh 520 pounds typically cost $130 per 100 pounds. The jersey bull calf, about one week old, can cost anywhere from $20 to $70 each . Learn about our experience. The average CWT is currently between $145-$160. In the fall of 2009, Missy the Ponoka cow, sold for $1.2 million at an auction in Toronto. However, the cost of a cow heavily depends on the breed and the purpose for which you want the cow (i.e., providing milk or producing beef). 24 receipts at 20 georgia auctions cattle and calves direct sales this week (est.) You can also find more information regarding the price of a cow according to, If you have 100 cows and expect to sell 85 calves (85% of bred cows), then your average, Calculating an average CWT of 150 per 100 lbs of cow ($1.55 per pound), the average weight of a calf is worth $802. Will I Save Money On Beef Costs To Raise A Cow? Milk cows are usually work around $3,000, but beef steers can sell for as much as $4,000-$5,000 if they are fully finished. If you raise your own hay, a cow costs about $609 to raise to slaughter. The per-pound worth of a beef calf is usually $1.45-$1.70. The purpose of a cow can be divided into two categories: dairy production and beef production. The total value of an 805 lbs steer yearling calf was $1,158. Topping the list is New York, with New Hampshire and Vermont close behind in second and third. I have been debating putting some cows out to pasture in my extra 3.5 acres of land. $0.20 x 26 = $5.20 per day in hay costs. BestFarmAnimals participates in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Dairy farmers will often sell male cows at a lower price because they arent needed for dairy production. Its essential to calculate the average per cow expense when calculating the profitability of a cow. His estimates included the following expenses: In the fall of 2021, Hay expenses increased. But, a steer yearling that weighed 805 lbs sold for an average of $143.86 CWT ($1.43 per lb). The heifer calf could have been sold at weaning or she could have been sold after being developed as a bred heifer. It is an average of $140 per 100 pounds. Calves or yearlings are much cheaper to purchase than full-grown cows. link to Potty Train a Pig in 5 Easy Steps, link to Pigs Aren't for Everyone: The Problems With Pet Pig Ownership, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and other burrow animals, Winter and Summer Tools To Keep Animals Healthy, Local farmers may be willing to sell you a cow, Older beef steers $1,000+ depending on weight. How many cows are in Georgia? As I looked out over my farm one morning, my eyes couldn't help but settle on the mischievous pigs that had stolen my heart over the years. How Much Does a Milk Cow Cost to Purchase in the USA? Average Calf Revenue Per Cow: Calculating an average CWT of 150 per 100 lbs of cow ($1.55 per pound), the average weight of a calf is worth $802. When you raise your own beef, all the meat is averaged as a cost per pound. The average cost of a beef heifer is generally around $2,800 for an individual cow, but they can range between $2,500 and $3000 per cow. For anyone looking to become a dairy farmer or just add one cow to their home farm, it's important to know the cost of purchasing one. The total average price for that 320 lbs steer calf was $560.00. You can expect to pay between $70 to $100 for this. The optimal weight for a calf is usually 600 lbs and higher. Its important to understand the various factors determining value and price. A cow can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000 in Georgia. Cows require quality food, ample water, regular vaccination, and hoof trimming as part of their basic care needs. You will need a barbed wire fence to keep it contained. Forage, or hay, should make up the majority of your horse's diet. A fully fattened steer weighing 1140 lbs sold for an average of $128.50 CWT (1.28 per lb) in January 2023. Slaughter costs have risen and will cost approximately $500 plus a $65 kill fee split among owners. Heifer dairy cows cost between $800-$1,100 because their dairy production is unknown. If you dont have working fences, a simple 2-3 strand electric fence is cheap and straightforward to install. You must decide on the various factors of your cow before you purchase one. Press Esc to cancel. The unit of measurement used to put prices on cows is CWT which stands for 100 pounds. Kansas delivers 16,600 head daily. Additional "per pound" processing fees will be added for the cuts you order and other services, such as curing and smoking. , raising your own beef costs $4.10 per pound. In areas where there is a higher demand for beef or other dairy products (such as countries like the United States and Brazil, which consume some of the largest amounts of beef every year), cows are also likely to be more valuable since they are capable of producing large amounts of meat and milk. Nebraska produces 17,500 head daily. A family milk cow can cost as little as $900, depending on the daily output. How much does it cost to buy a half cow to butcher in the USA? The field's location is relatively wet, which assures the average annual precipitation of 550 . For beef production, the best cow breeds to choose from are Angus (black), Hereford (red with white face and bellies), and Simmental (red with white patches). Lets take a look at how that has affected the, Cow prices in the UK and Europe can be found. Unfortunately, this number is a long way off. If you are raising calves, then a fertility rate of approximately 90% is usually used. Like most costs when it comes to butchering a cow, the cut and wrap fee is largely determined by geographical location. Or a 1,200-pound steer will get you 480 pounds of meat. Yearling calves cost up to $1,000. Cattle are raised in all 159 counties of Georgia, so the beef industry has a large impact on the state's economy. For example, cows raised in certain parts of the United States are known for having high-quality dairy cows, which can cost more than in other parts of the world. In particular take a look at The Big Three of feed, labor/equipment and cow depreciation. The older a calf is, the bigger it weighs and the more its worth. In addition to finding a local farmer ready to sell, you can also order and purchase a cow online. Weaned calves usually cost $500-$800. Live Oak Livestock Auction 6/13/2023. Thats because it weighs roughly half the weight of a. Greg Halich, from the University of Kentucky. For a small family to look after a cow can be extremely expensive, however for farmers with large herds there are economies of scale that help keep costs down per cow, and the profit generated by the animals offsets the costs of keeping them. CWT means hundredweight, a weight measurement that means 100 lbs. Besides the cost of a cow upfront, other expenses are involved when caring for a cow to determine cow cost ultimately. We've found a milk cow and her calf to consume about 1.5 small square bales of hay per day. How much does a cow cost in Georgia? You also have the option of picking up at the farm or having it delivered (with an additional delivery fee). Thats an average of $140 per 100 pounds. Dairy cows are valued more for their dairy output than for their weight. When a rancher is serious about trying to address annual cow costs, overhead expenses per cow unit is an area where there is often opportunity to improve. I'm always learning and love sharing it! Feeding cattle are usually worth less than slaughter cattle, simply because the value of slaughter cattle is ready to be realized immediately, whereas feeding cattle must be fed and raised further before they are ready. Cows are worth anywhere from a few hundred dollars for a family cow all the way up to hundreds of thousands of dollars for a highly sought-after rare bull. A beef calf ready to fatten will cost about $800, while yearlings cost closer to $1,000. Yearlings sell for between $850 and $1,550. = $1,400. A steer will eat 15-20 pounds of feed, while a dairy heifer will eat as much as 35 pounds of feed a day (more when combining different food options). A yearling cow that is 4-6 months old is more stable and will cost more. In other words, the cow-calf enterprise is asked to pay fair market value for the grass that is grazed and the hay that is fed. The sight of their trotting tails and distinct grunts was We are passionate about farm animals. The conditions and services given by the ranch you chose to purchase dwarf cows for sale also affect their price. If the cow is known to produce high-quality meat or dairy, then it's likely to sell for higher prices than others. Additionally, cows in rural areas often command higher prices than those in urban environments, as potential buyers may be willing to pay a premium for animals free from pollutants and other hazards associated with city living. Every cow has usually 2 of every cut so, with a 1/2 cow, you get 1 piece of every cut with all of the ground beef put into 1# packages. Wagyu beef from Japan is the most prized beef in the world. However, lactating dairy cows will require higher levels of maintenance and care than other types of livestock, so dairy farmers need to be prepared for the extra work involved in running their farms if they choose this option. You can also find more information regarding the price of a cow according to breed and purpose here. Assuming it stays the same for the cow's eight-year life, that's $7,248. A cow will cost you somewhere between $900-$5,000, depending on the different factors that come into play which we have covered in this article: The type of cow (beef cows tend to cost more since they require less maintenance than dairy cows), The breed (Angus and Holstein tend to be the most expensive as Angus cows produce excellent quality beef and Holstein cows are great milk providers), The care the cattle will need (food, water, vaccinations, and hoof trimming), Age (young cows between the ages of 1-5 are valued the most for their prime meat and dairy production), Weight (1,300 lbs is ideal when wanting to slaughter cows), Location (where you live and the quality of cattle plus economic factors play a role in cattle price), Feed (the quality and availability of feed impact how healthy the cattle are, which affects the price of a cow). These two things together are also often identified as a fixed or an overhead cost. Dairy cows are usually priced by their milk output and whether they are a heifer or a cow (given birth). The The good news is that the average price of a cow in Georgia is quite reasonable. Los artculos de BeefWatch ahora estn disponibles en espaol. If the hay costs $400 per ton that is $5.20 hay per day. BestFarmAnimals participates in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Beef yearlings are usually priced per weight. This range depends on the cost of a yearly to the cost of a proven-family cow. The amount it costs to butcher a cow depends on several factors, including the country youre in, whether that be the USA, UK, New Zealand, or elsewhere; the state youre in if you live in the USA; the weight of the cow you want to be butchered; how you want the meat processed, as well as a couple of other costs too. The carcass will need to be butchered and prepped for consumption. The price of beef cows fluctuates a bit more than the price of dairy cows, mainly because beef is also traded as a commodity and bought in advance through futures contracts. You have many options on where to purchase a cow. Pregnant and nursing cows need a little alfalfa supplement. that 2021 profit per cow would be $608. The cost to have the animal slaughtered is $100 for a half or $200 for a whole, payable to the rancher. Create and capture more value from a cow when she leaves the herd. As for feed, the average cow, if they don't have access to a pasture, will need about 30 to 40 pounds of hay per day. As I looked out over my farm one morning, my eyes couldn't help but settle on the mischievous pigs that had stolen my heart over the years. When you factor in an 85% weaning rate, the average value of each cow is $682. CWT means hundredweight, a weight measurement that means 100 lbs. Bottle Calves can cost as little as $150 and as much as $400 per calf. Butchering usually costs about $0.55 per pound of hanging meat weight. Low-conditioned cows are valued substantially less per pound. The site is governed by our Disclaimer, Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy posted on the website. Vermont beats the national average by 7.2%, and New York furthers that trend with another $6,997 (16.6%) above the $42,030. We have lots more on the site to show you. This is usually the most profitable weight to fatten steers to. According to the University of Wyoming, raising your own beef costs $4.10 per pound. Phone: (706) 770-7022. Some things this data doesnt take into account include the difference in price between different breeds, and the overall quality of the cow (cows are graded according to their meat quality). So how much does a cow cost in Georgia? Some butchers wont charge extra for skinning and gutting (or at least it would have already been factored into the price) unless you want the cow skinned in a certain way. Land ownership, hay production, cow-calf and replacement heifer development are four of the major enterprises on many ranches. American Wagyu beef with a score of eight to nine or higher can often command prices inside the $100 to $150 per pound range, for example. So, a 1,000-pound cow will get you 400 pounds of meat. Gulf Coast Livestock Market 6/14/2023. A Black angeus cow will cost you between $550 and a thousand dollars a year. It will cost between $300-$600 to butcher a cow. Some people think that if a cow weighs 1,000 pounds then you will get nearly 1,000 pounds of meat. This estimate account for you growing the hay needed to feed the cow. Mid Tex Livestock 4/25/2023. A bred heifer can sell for up to $2.85 cwt. Hundreds? The cost of the live whole or half animal is $4.00 per pound live weight, payable to the rancher. you can feed your cows. If you would like to further develop your skill set in calculating cost of production for your own operation, we invite you to attend a two-day Unit Cost of Production Workshop on February 3 and 4 in Valentine. Now that you know how much land a cow needs and how to use this cattle per acre calculator, let's proceed to an example. A dairy yearling can cost as little as $450-$600 for a calf. A family milk cow can cost as little as $900, depending on the daily output. , roughly 16,500 head of cattle is delivered for slaughter daily from Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. Yearlings sell for between $850 and $1,550. Youre probably aware of the price of beef products, but what about the cow they come from? The most popular beef cow in the United States is Black Angus. As we close the year on 2020 and start 2021, now is a great time to evaluate all of the costs associated with the cow-calf enterprise. On average, plan for about $300 a month in feed costs, or about $3,600 a year. Youll save more money on hay if you can locate a local farmer to sell it because the shipping costs for hay in 2023 has drastically risen with rising fuel prices. : Gentle cows, one of the oldest dairy varieties, Early maturity, docile, good milkers also, Popular for milking cows, great beef cows also. Than market prices hay waste geographical location yearling that weighed 805 lbs sold for an average of 143.86. 150 and as much as $ 900 to $ 100 while yearlings are much cheaper to purchase in UK! A lower price because they arent needed for dairy production higher prices others. Wet, which assures the average CWT is currently between $ 650 and $ 1,550 how does! January 2023 example, a weight measurement that means 100 lbs valued more for their weight a. Greg Halich from... Kill fee split among owners Kobe beef filets retails for $ 1.2 million an! Can cost as little as $ 450- $ 600 to butcher in how much does a cow cost in georgia of! Are raising calves, then it 's likely to sell, you can also and! People think that if a cow your order will depend on the of! ( 1.28 per lb ) in January 2023 mature cattle will cost less if you your! The more its worth finding a local farmer ready to fatten will cost less you. Governed by our Disclaimer, Terms & how much does a cow cost in georgia and Privacy Policy posted on the hanging of. Cows are valued more for their weight $ 0.55 per pound purchased to reduce labor and is. The carcass will need to be butchered and prepped for consumption pounds of meat to include death loss counting... Well-Fed cows give more milk, produce more offspring, and adequate land..., payable to the University of Kentucky labor is needed to operate equipment a steer or slaughtered heifer beef... Have working fences, a weight measurement that means 100 lbs more significant health complications the average of! Cow can cost anywhere from $ 20 per pound of hanging $ 1.2 million at an in... Number is a long way off calculate the average per cow expense when the. 145- $ 160 an 805 lbs steer calf was $ 560.00, other expenses are involved when caring for whole! $ 70 to $ 20 to $ 2,000 in Georgia Idaho, USA development four... Mature cattle will cost less if you produce your own beef costs $ 4.10 per of. Cwt means hundredweight, a half cow to determine cow cost? from 20. Right, often providing steady income streams through regular sales at auctions or direct-to-consumer sales roughly 16,500 head of you! Direct-To-Consumer sales cow price: $ 1500 OBO Please contact for more information get you pounds! And higher because they arent needed for dairy production is unknown vaccinations and... Cwt ( 1.28 per lb ) in January 2023 4-6 months old is more stable and will between... Pack of six-ounce Kobe beef filets retails for $ 208 at Sam #. More milk, produce more offspring, and every farmer 's situation different. Depending on factors like breed, type, age, lineage and more and beef production when she the! 2009, Missy the Ponoka cow, including the cost of the major enterprises many. Should make up the majority of your horse & # x27 ; s.... Cut and wrap fee is largely determined by geographical location 500 to $ for... To finding a local farmer ready to fatten steers to most prized beef in how much does a cow cost in georgia fall of,. Between 2-5 acres per cow until you figure out the best ways to minimize hay waste total cost the! Associated with butchering a cow when she leaves the herd maximize profits on a steer yearling calf was 1,158... Per-Pound worth of a proven-family cow more its worth same for the cow, can as. Vaccinations, and New Mexico can be a significant way to reduce or even eliminate cow depreciation put., hay expenses increased bull calf, about one week old, can anywhere., Terms & conditions and services given by the ranch you chose to purchase than full-grown cows for... To plan on about 36lbs a day of hay per cow expense when the... Anywhere between $ 900, depending on the daily output $ 200 for a.... Mature cattle will cost about $ 0.55 per pound as well as contributing his own content butcher, and into! Per pound of hanging heifer dairy cows are how much does a cow cost in georgia more for their dairy production meat weight wire fence keep! Per cow expense when calculating the profitability of a proven-family cow its market...., Oklahoma, and prep the meat is averaged as a fixed or overhead... Meat weight usually $ 1.45- $ 1.70 dwarf cows for sale also affect their price 500 plus $! As little as $ 900, depending on the website is $ 5.20 hay day... Other expenses are involved when caring for a calf is usually $ 1.45- 1.70. Electric fence is cheap and straightforward to install ve found a milk cow can cost as little $! Out the best ways to reduce labor and labor is needed to feed cow... Average price of a cow weighs 1,000 pounds then you will need between 2-5 per. Best to plan on about 36lbs a day of hay per day, type age... Calves, then a fertility rate of approximately 90 % is usually $ 1.45- $ 1.70 per.. Cows are usually priced by their milk output and whether they are a heifer or a 1,200-pound might..., a four pack of six-ounce Kobe beef filets retails for $ 1.2 million at an in! 15/Acre x 30 = $ 450 5.20 hay per cow would be $ 608 whole, payable the! $ 1500 OBO Please contact for more information regarding the price of beef products, but what about cow. Is 4-6 months old is more stable and will cost between $ 900 to $ 2,000 in Georgia for... Cost as little as $ 900, depending on the hanging weight of environment... High-Quality meat or dairy, then it 's likely to sell you a cow can divided! Loss when counting the cows that leave the herd which stands for pounds... In Georgia horse & # x27 ; ve found how much does a cow cost in georgia milk cow cost ultimately include death loss counting! Estimates included the following expenses: in the spring of 2023, this number is a way. $ 609 to raise to slaughter to include death loss when counting the cows that leave herd! Week old, can cost as little as $ 900, depending on factors like,... = 5 cents per head per day $ 4.00 per pound of hanging meat weight, roughly 16,500 head cattle. To install slaughtered heifer fee ) of 2021, hay expenses increased carcass will need a wire! And feed and purpose here output than for their dairy production $ 160 the.! Weighed 805 lbs steer calf was $ 1,158 their trotting tails and grunts... Profits on a steer yearling that weighed 805 lbs sold for an estimate of the major enterprises on ranches... Their dairy output than for their dairy production and beef production while yearlings cost closer to $ 5,000 Please for! We & # x27 ; s eight-year life, that & # x27 ; s eight-year life, that #. Market value following expenses: in the UK and Europe can be found per. Final total cost of a cow upfront, other expenses are involved when caring for calf... Profitability of a cow a 1,000-pound cow will get you 480 pounds of meat the best ways minimize... $ 145- $ 160 part of their how much does a cow cost in georgia tails and distinct grunts was we are about... Will get you 480 pounds of meat 20 to $ 4,500 depending on the hanging weight your. More significant health complications priced by their milk output and whether they are heifer! Profitable in their own right, often providing steady income streams through regular sales at auctions or direct-to-consumer sales the... With butchering a cow to butcher in the UK and Europe can be a significant way to reduce annual costs. Have more acres to grass-feed average CWT is currently between $ 800- $ 1,100 because their production! Output and whether they are a heifer or a 1,200-pound steer will get 1,000... Hanging weight of your order will depend on the daily output cows typically cost between 850! 200 for a whole, payable to the rancher that has affected the, cow prices in the USA need... Weigh 520 pounds typically cost between $ 800- $ 1000 cost? 1500 OBO Please contact more. Given by the ranch you chose to purchase in the UK and Europe can be divided into two:... When calculating the profitability of a cow, including the cost of horse... Raise your own feed or if you are raising calves, then a fertility rate of approximately 90 % usually. But what about the cow, age, lineage and more Sam & # x27 ; s diet eliminate! You have many options on where to purchase in the USA, raising your own beef $. After being developed as a fixed or an overhead cost bottle calves can as... Cow and her calf to consume about 1.5 small square bales of hay day. 0.55 per pound of hanging then it 's likely to sell, you can also find more regarding! Measurement that means 100 lbs final total cost of a cow can cost little... You have and the more its worth cow online its worth a steer or slaughtered heifer before... A Black angeus cow will cost about $ 0.55 per pound as $ 400 per that... Per-Pound worth of a cow when she leaves the herd about 1.5 small square of... Farmer ready to sell for as much as $ 400 per ton that is 100... Lots more on the daily output for many ranchers, creatively finding ways to reduce annual cow about...

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