south pacific islands countries

Less than 20 thousand people call this 178 square mile archipelago home, which resides 500 miles southeast of the Philippines. This is due to new population being established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population which also causes a loss of genetic variation. Mendaa made contact with the islanders but did not land. The term Polynsie was first used in 1756 by the French writer Charles de Brosses, who originally applied it to all the islands of the Pacific. The Kingdom of Tonga is a country of traditional values and strong Christianity backed by endless blue bays, sparkling beaches and ancient stone temples. One of the smallest countries on earth, here you'll find a laid back atmosphere keeping with the islander way of life. The continental islands, lying southwestward of the Andesite Line, are faulted and folded in mountainous arcs, tend to be higher and larger than those farther east, and have rich soils that support almost every kind of vegetation. [84] Whether this happened because of indigenous American people reaching eastern Polynesia or because the northern coast of South America was visited by Polynesians is not clear yet. These are the very best. For discussion of the arts and cultures of the region, see the articles Oceanic art and architecture, Oceanic music and dance, Oceanic literature, Melanesian culture, Micronesian culture, and Polynesian culture. Here's our pick of the best places to visit. Polynesia is generally defined as the islands within the Polynesian Triangle, although some islands inhabited by Polynesians are situated outside the Polynesian Triangle. Wherever you go, you'll be kissed with a touch of French style. The islands are spread out across many kilometers of a vast ocean. Majuro is the capital and largest city of the Marshall Islands. The line separates the basaltic volcanic islands of the central and eastern Pacific from the islands of the broad western Pacific margin, which are formed mainly of metamorphosed rocks, sediment, and andesitic volcanic material. In contrast, sequences from two archaeological sites on Easter Island group with an uncommon haplogroup from Indonesia, Japan, and China and may represent a genetic signature of an early Polynesian dispersal. Once considered a bunch of "small islands in a far sea" by outside powers, the South Pacific now looms increasingly large on the global geopolitical landscape, attracting the strategic attention of an array of great powers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Majuro is a coral atoll (ring-shaped coral reef) of 64 islands. "[90] By keeping this in mind, island states and nations similar to Hawaii are paying closer attention to other avenues that can positively affect their economy by practicing more independence and less emphasis on tourist entertainment. These countries include Japan, Australia, and the Philippines. A Vanuatu vacation follows in the wake of Captain Cook en-route to the Banks Islands and the volcanic wonders of Gaua, Vanua Lava and Mt Srama. Unfortunately, after decades of mining, phosphate depletion negatively impacted the country's GDP, and a 2008 crash made supplying the island all the more difficult. Polynesian culture, the beliefs and practices of the indigenous peoples of the ethnogeographic group of Pacific islands known as Polynesia (from Greek poly 'many' and nsoi 'islands'). The introduction of new species from throughout the world has also markedly altered island flora. How Many Countries Are There In The World? In 1873, Cakobau ceded a Fiji heavily indebted to foreign creditors to the United Kingdom. The region comprises of around 30 island nations, some mere dots on the atlas. The parent lava material of the oceanic type of island is basalt. The country houses 8,776,110 people in an area of 178,700 square miles. [57] However, tensions between Pkeh settlers and the Mori over settler encroachment on Mori lands and disputes over land sales led to the New Zealand Wars (18451872) between the colonial government and the Mori. Definitions and extent Characteristics Oceania with its sovereign and dependent islands within the subregions Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia Definitions of Oceania vary. Though both are under French governorship, Wallis shares its ancestry with Tonga, while Futunas roots lie in Samoa. French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Fiji, and New Zealand have the most developed tourist sectors, but many of the other islands place a priority on developing facilities. This map was created by a user. [67] The oral history of Niutao recalls that in the 15th century Tongan warriors were defeated in a battle on the reef of Niutao. The following are the islands and island groups, either nations or overseas territories of former colonial powers, that are of native Polynesian culture or where archaeological evidence indicates Polynesian settlement in the past. Samoa, however, had another system of government that combines elements of heredity and real-world skills to choose leaders. The main Island of Efate is home to the endearingly dusty capitol of Port Vila but the real action lies on the outer islands. One peak even reaches a stunning height of 6,158 feet. The great arc of islands located north and east of Australia and south of the Equator is called Melanesia (from the Greek words melas, black, and nsos, island) for the predominantly dark-skinned peoples of New Guinea island, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu (the New Hebrides), New Caledonia, and Fiji. Tiny island nations at the center of giant geopolitical rivalry. The population levels of the low-lying islands of Tuvalu had to be managed because of the effects of periodic droughts and the risk of severe famine if the gardens were poisoned by salt from the storm surge of a tropical cyclone. While the definition widely varies, in this article, Pacific Island countries refer to the sovereign nations in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, which are together grouped as the Pacific Islands region. [60], The reef islands and atolls of Tuvalu are identified as being part of West Polynesia. 2023 Lonely Planet, a Red Ventures company. The tourist service industry is also fairly high performing, with significant growth in the last 20 years. [28] A cultural divide began to develop between Fiji to the west, and the distinctive Polynesian language and culture emerging on Tonga and Samoa to the east. Within the British Empire, which posted no higher permanent representative on Tonga than a British Consul (19011970), Tonga formed part of the British Western Pacific Territories (under a High Commissioner who residing in Fiji) from 1901 until 1952. Continental islands are generally larger (most notably, the Marianas, New Guinea, the Bismarcks, the Solomons, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, and the North and South islands of New Zealand) and have richer mineral-bearing soils than their oceanic counterparts. [74][75][76], None of Heyerdahl's proposals have been accepted in the scientific community. It is thought that the Cook Islands were settled in two periods: the Tahitian Period, when the country was settled between 900 and 1300 AD, and the Maui Settlement, which occurred in 1600 AD, when a large contingent from Tahiti settled in Rarotonga, in the Takitumu district. [76][82][83], In July 2020, a novel high-density genome-wide DNA analysis of Polynesians and Native South Americans reported that there has been intermingling between Polynesian people and pre-Columbian Zen people in a period dated between 1150 and 1380 CE. Like most such theories, it makes exciting light reading, but as an example of scientific method it fares quite poorly. Different islands have different topography, with 'Eua Island being more forested and elevated than other segments of the nation. He set out to prove this by embarking on a highly publicized Kon-Tiki expedition on a primitive raft with a Scandinavian crew. Fiji is classified as Melanesian and (less commonly) Polynesian. The pattern of settlement to East Polynesia began from Samoan Islands into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the Polynesian outlier communities in Melanesia and Micronesia.[62][63][64]. [22] The preliminary analysis of skulls found at the Teouma and Talasiu Lapita sites is that they lack Australian or Papuan affinities and instead have affinities to mainland Asian populations. Language, social life and material culture were very distinctly "Polynesian" by 1000 BCE. At its greatest extent, it stretched from Japanese occupied Indochina in the west to the Gilbert Islands in the east, although it was originally planned to stretch as far east as Hawaii and Easter Island and as far west as India. Find a South Pacific Specialist near you to help you plan your next holiday . Due to their location to the northeast of Fijis Mamanuca archipelago, the Yasawa Islands require a little more effort to get to but can still be reached on a. Most Pacific islands are coral formations, although all of these rest on volcanic or other cores. KAOHSIUNG, Taiwan (AP) Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen on Saturday said the self-ruled island would work to improve its rescue and defense capabilities with new technologies, adding that strengthening Taiwan is key to maintaining peace. Polynesian languages show a considerable degree of similarity. June 1, 2023, 10:14 AM. While the postcards might look similar, Fiji and Tahiti are not interchangeable or even much alike when it comes to landscapes and culture. Northern Mariana Islands Flag of Northern Mariana Islands This article is about the wider region in the Pacific. Naming the best beach in Rarotonga would be impossible, but you can pick the best one for you depending on the type of trip you have in mind. However, they still cultivated other ancestral Austronesian staple cultigens like Dioscorea yams and taro (the latter are still grown with smaller-scale paddy field technology), as well as adopting new ones like breadfruit and sweet potato. Mineral production is limited to a few of the continental islands, such as New Caledonia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. South Pacific Islands. Despite being under the protectorate, Tonga retained its monarchy without interruption. As the Paul Gauguin voyage heads south from Huahine, the first port of call is Aitutaki, a small 16-square-kilometre island with an enormous coral-fringed lagoon. . It is unknown when this name was changed to reflect the current name. Discover the uninhabited atolls and reef islands that make Kiribati vacations such a tempting prospect. Colonial rule Foreign intervention and control Eventually the unstable conditions in the Pacific began to draw in European governments, all of which acknowledged some responsibility for the protection of their nationals and their property. When not diving, snorkelling or swimming in blue water, check out the atoll's ancient stone temples called marae. SPTO was established in 1983 as the Tourism Council of the South Pacific, the Pacific Tourism Organisation (SPTO) is the mandated organisation representing Tourism in the region. [6] The Pacific plate had previously been subducted under the Australian Plate. Polynesia encompasses a huge triangular area of the east-central Pacific Ocean. After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act 1961 of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence, effective on January 1, 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. A majority of the citizens have an exciting mixture of Christian beliefs and interest in sports like Baseball and Softball, possibly due to its recent relationship with the United States. Polynesia is characterized by a small amount of land spread over a very large portion of the mid- and southern Pacific Ocean. This island state, located northeast of Tonga and Fiji, hosts around 197,100 people. This system is called Fa'amatai. Navigators, in particular, were highly respected and each island maintained a house of navigation with a canoe-building area. Patterns of interaction and diversification in the Austronesian colonization of Remote Oceania", "Colonisation and culture change in the early prehistory of Fiji", "Voyaging Canoes and the Settlement of Polynesia", "Anomalous Westerlies, El Nio, and the Colonization of Polynesia", "Sailing virtual canoes across Oceania: revisiting island accessibility", "High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia", "Who were the first humans to reach New Zealand (with map)", "Testing migration patterns and estimating founding population size in Polynesia by using human mtDNA sequences", "The theory of speciation via the founder principle", "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific", "Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks", "Modern Polynesian genomes offer clues to early eastward migrations", "Linguistic Subgrouping within Polynesia: The Implications for Prehistoric Settlement", "History of Rarotonga & the Cook Islands: European explorers", "Genealogies as a basis for Maori chronology", "Taming the frontier Page 4 Declaration of Independence", "Treaty of Waitangi Creating the Treaty of Waitangi", "Tonga's 150 Polynesian Islands Now Independent", "Field Notes on the Culture of Vaitupu, Ellice Islands", "Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification", "Archaeological science meets Mori knowledge to model pre-Columbian sweet potato (, "Sweet potato migrated to Polynesia thousands of years before people did", "Ancient DNA of the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)", "Native South Americans were early inhabitants of Polynesia", "Polynesians steering by the stars met Native Americans long before Europeans arrived", Interstellar Migration and the Human Experience, "The Environmental, Economic, and Social Impacts of Resort Development and Tourism on Native Hawaiians", "NZ may be invited to join proposed 'Polynesian Triangle' ginger group", "New Polynesian Leaders Group formed in Samoa", "American Samoa joins Polynesian Leaders Group, MOU signed", "First Chickens in Americas Were Brought From Polynesia", "Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile", "Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA", "A Return Voyage Between Puluwat and Saipan Using Micronesian Navigational Techniques", "Marine turtles used to assist Austronesian sailors reaching new islands", Useful introduction to Maori society, including canoe voyages, Obituary: David Henry Lewisincluding how he came to rediscover Pacific Ocean navigation methods, Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Smoa), " uha" (Rotuma)], Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polynesia&oldid=1158746635, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Hawaiian-language text, Articles containing Cook Islands Mori-language text, Articles containing Tahitian-language text, Articles containing Tuvaluan-language text, Articles containing Tokelauan-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Quechua-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Express Train model: A recent (c. 3,0001,000 BCE) expansion out of Taiwan, via the. They have many things in common, including language relatedness, cultural practices, and traditional beliefs. In 1840, Royal Navy officer William Hobson and several Mori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which transformed New Zealand into a colony of the British Empire and granting all Mori the status of British subjects. Oral history suggests that the Tui Manu'a kings governed a confederacy of far-flung islands which included Fiji, Tonga as well as smaller western Pacific chiefdoms and Polynesian outliers such as Uvea, Futuna, Tokelau, and Tuvalu. Get South Pacific travel advice from our local experts on everything from where to stay, local culture and hiking in the mountains. Although matrilocality and matrilineality receded at some early time, Polynesians and most other Austronesian speakers in the Pacific Islands, were/are still highly "matricentric" in their traditional jurisprudence. In which months are Fijis waters best for diving? In the chronology of the exploration and first populating of Polynesia, there is a gap commonly referred to as the long pause between the first populating of Western Polynesia including Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa among others and the settlement of the rest of the region. Foreign aid encompasses a bulk of the region's support from Japan, the European Union, and even countries like Taiwan. Regions. A lot also still needs to be discovered about this less explored country. It is likely that the Polynesians also used wave and swell formations to navigate. In these cases fishing, the primary source of protein, would not ease the loss of food energy. The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 19361945, pages 447448 "It had been created by idealists who wanted to free Asia from the white man. [85], Polynesia divides into two distinct cultural groups, East Polynesia and West Polynesia. The South Pacific is big place - incredibly vast and blue, covering 11 million square miles stretching from the top of Australia to the Hawaiian Islands. Between 3 and 4 thousand years ago, a group of people inhabited the island that possessed traits of insular dwarfism, which is evidenced in the examination of cave burials. After the long pause, dispersion of populations into central and eastern Polynesia began. Several rainforests dot this island collection, where unique species of tree kangaroo and birds of paradise thrive. Whether you choose to join the queue or set sail in a boat of your own, here are six picturesque places to take to the seas this summer. This term makes clear that the grouping includes the Hawaiian Islands, which are located at the northern vertex of the referenced "triangle". The conclusion from research published in 2016 is that the initial population of those two sites appears to come directly from Taiwan or the northern Philippines and did not mix with the 'Australo-Papuans' of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. But if you'd like to dive in a bit deeper than your resort pool, read on. [47], The Polynesians were matrilineal and matrilocal Stone Age societies upon arrival in Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, after having been through at least some time in the Bismarck Archipelago. Gradients Across the Pacific, Assessing Y-chromosome Variation in the South Pacific Using Newly Detected, By Krista Erin Latham, Hawkesworth J, Wallis JS, Byron J, Carteret P, Cook J, Banks J (1773). Beginning in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, Polynesians began to migrate in waves to New Zealand via their canoes, settling on both the North and South islands as well as the Chatham Islands. Tonga became a British protectorate under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king. Notably, China, Singapore, and Australia make up the bulk of their importing partners. Islands in the South Pacific are plentiful, vibrant and unlike anything else you've ever seen. The coastal atoll was formed by a volcano depositing basalt over 132 million years ago on the mid-oceanic ridge. In 1875, with the help of the missionary Shirley Waldemar Baker, he declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, formally adopted the western royal style, emancipated the "serfs", enshrined a code of law, land tenure, and freedom of the press, and limited the power of the chiefs. In the 10th century, the Tui Tonga Empire was established in Tonga, and most of the Western Pacific came within its sphere of influence, up to parts of the Solomon Islands. A Lagoon Tour where you can cruise through the clear waters spotting turtles and rays is a must-do before stopping on One Foot Island for a lunch of fresh-caught tuna . While Japan is considered an East Asian nation, Philippines is labelled as a Southeast Asian country, while Australia is part of Oceania, a region that also includes the Pacific Island countries. South Pacific Islands . The new state received recognition from the British Crown in 1836.[56]. [54] Beginning the 17th century, the arrival of Europeans to New Zealand drastically impacted Mori culture. Most vegetation is derived from Indonesia and New Guinea, and its generic variety declines eastward across the Pacific. The manufacturing sector, except in Hawaii and New Zealand, is mostly undeveloped and limited to processing fish and agricultural products and producing handicrafts. After all, a little extra space for grazing can be a benefit to everyone. Polynesia[a][b] (UK: /plnizi/, US: /-ni/) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. There are few organized excursions but for independent types the opportunity for hiking, cultural connections, surfing and snorkelling are endless. In Samoa, where the original s is used instead of h, v replaces w, and the glottal stop replaces the original k, the largest island is called Savaii.[1]. Polynesia, argues Ian Breward, is now "one of the most strongly Christian regions in the world.Christianity was rapidly and successfully incorporated into Polynesian culture. The German-controlled Western portion of Samoa (consisting of the bulk of Samoan territory Savai'i, Apolima, Manono and Upolu) was occupied by New Zealand in WWI, and administered by it under a Class C League of Nations mandate. Cloaked in green and encircling an impossibly radiant turquoise lagoon, Bora Bora is the beauty . Typical of many Pacific Island countries, Nauru was exploited for phosphate resources that ran dry at the beginning of the 21st century. Tens of thousands of years of history occurred throughout them, each containing stories and oral accounts that would shock and awe listeners of today if they were unburied from their respective eras. Aside from New Zealand, another focus area of economic dependence regarding tourism is Hawaii. In response to the conflict, the colonial government initiated a series of land confiscations from the Mori. Nauru and Banaba (in Kiribati) are raised coral islands that stand at elevations of about 210 and 285 feet (65 and 90 metres), respectively. Contacts were mediated especially through the Tovata confederacy of Fiji. Robert Louis Stevenson was so taken with Upolu that he chose to spend the last years of his life on this stunning Samoan island. Simple objects, such as fish-hooks would be manufactured to exacting standards for different catches and decorated even when the decoration was not part of the function. This never came to fruition, however, as Japan was defeated during World War II and subsequently lost all power and influence it had. Over 7 thousand square miles fit themselves onto this surprisingly large island that lies 17 hundred miles northeast of Brisbane, Australia. Countries List from South West Pacific List of Countries - South West Pacific There are currently 184 contracting parties. Journey through the best films, books & songs from 120 countries. Polynesian islands include Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, French Polynesia and Easter Island while Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands are Melanesian. The capital's main population center is called Delap-Uliga-Djarrit (DUD) and comprises three small . Neither does the term include the Aleutian chain or such isolated islands of the Pacific Ocean as the Juan Fernndez group off the coast of South America. This has prompted many scholars and commentators to focus on the rise of great power rivalry in the region. Pacific island countries and areas face a triple disease burden: a rapidly rising epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; outbreak-prone diseases which remain prevalent, as well as emerging infectious diseases which threaten national and regional health security; and the health impacts of climate change. Dispersion south pacific islands countries populations into central and eastern Polynesia began comprises three small explored country topography, with 'Eua island more. Less than 20 thousand people call this 178 square mile archipelago home, which resides 500 southeast! Has prompted many scholars and commentators to focus on the mid-oceanic ridge tourist service industry is also fairly high,... These countries include Japan, Australia, and its generic variety declines across! Situated outside the Polynesian Triangle, although all of these rest on volcanic or other sources you... Classified as Melanesian and ( less commonly ) Polynesian vacations such a tempting prospect 56. Island flora and snorkelling are endless 60 ], None of Heyerdahl 's proposals have been accepted the... Pacific Ocean this article is about the wider region in the South Pacific are plentiful, vibrant unlike! Guinea, and Australia make up the bulk of their importing partners Polynesians also used wave and swell formations navigate! Wider region in the region creditors to the United Kingdom lot also still needs to discovered! From throughout the world has also markedly altered island flora central and eastern Polynesia.! Social life and material culture were very distinctly south pacific islands countries Polynesian '' by BCE... 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