who won the 1864 presidential election

Jesse Greenspan is a Bay Area-based freelance journalist who writes about history and the environment. The election, the first waged following the Citizens United Supreme Court decision that allowed for increased political contributions, cost more than $2.6 billion, with the two major-party candidates spending close to $1.12 billion that cycle. State legislatures still chose electors in most states, and there was no separate vote for vice president. The Democrats nominated Michael Dukakis, governor of Massachusetts, for president and Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas for vice president. He received 2,206,938 votes to McClellans 1,803,787. Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, the Republican candidate for vice president, appointed a committee of seven: five Republicans and two Democrats. Bottom line - the 3 Douglas electors on the . Another, larger threat came from the Democrats, who mercilessly lambasted the military draft and emancipation of enslaved people, while also accusing Lincoln of violating civil liberties and strategically mismanaging the war. Former Whigs and Know-Nothings formed the Constitutional Union Party, nominating Senator John Bell of Tennessee and Edward Everett of Massachusetts. National JavaCompare! Harrison led the Whigs with 73 electoral votes, White receiving 26 and Webster 14. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Thomas Jefferson was the Republican standard-bearer, with Aaron Burr as his running mate. McClellan ran on a peace platform the consensus platform of the faction-wrought Democratic Party. The Republicans swept the electoral college, 444 to 87, and Hoovers popular majority was substantial: 21,392,190 to Smiths 15,016,443. I am going to be beaten and unless some great change takes place, badly beaten, he purportedly told a White House visitor. Ford tried to justify his pardoning Nixon for any crimes he might have committed during the cover-up, as well as to overcome the disgrace many thought the Republicans had brought to the presidency. "[27] In West Virginia, former Confederates were temporarily forbidden from voting or holding public office. Burr for his part disclaimed any intention to run for the presidency, but he never withdrew, which would have ended the contest. Popular Vote: 45,590,703 (Clinton) to 37,816,307 (Dole). Later in the century, the fable arose that Plumer had cast his dissenting vote so that only George Washington would have the honor of unanimous election. The Republicans came out for civil service reform and the protection of black rights. Young Hickory of the Granite Hills outpolled Old Fuss and Feathers in the electoral college, 254 to 42, and in the popular vote, 1,601,474 to 1,386,578. Later, in the elections of 2000 and 2004, Democrats did not carry a single Southern state. 1868 Election Results 1868 Election Facts Welcome: Nebraska becomes a state during this election cycle Mississippi, Texas and Virginia do not participate Issues of the Day: Reconstruction, Impeachment Humphrey supported most of Johnsons policies, but late in the campaign, he announced he would seek to end American involvement in Vietnam. The . HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. But the victory proved to be a hollow one because Harrison died one month after his inauguration. McKinley remained at home and underscored the Republican commitment to the gold standard and protectionism. Hoping to broaden his appeal among Democrats, Lincoln ran on the so-called National Unity ticket instead of as a Republican. After a unity meeting of 7,000 delegates at the National Union Conventionwhich met in Philadelphia on August 14failed to bridge the growing gap between Johnson and the Republicans, the determined President decided to take the issue to the people. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Nixon received 31,710,470 popular votes to 30,898,055 for Humphrey and 9,466,167 for Wallace. The Republicans attracted Democratic support by running as the Union party and putting Johnson, a pro-war Democrat, on the ticket. Van Buren received 291,263 popular votes and no electoral votes, but he drew enough support away from Cass to swing New York and Massachusetts to Taylor, assuring the Whigs victory. Popular Vote: 50,996,582 (Gore) to 50,465,062 (Bush). Clintonians also accused Madison of slighting the defense of the New York frontier against the British in Canada. Eisenhower claimed responsibility for the countrys being prosperous and at peace; Stevenson proposed ending the draft and halting nuclear testing. Republicans loyal to Lincoln, in opposition to a group of Republican dissidents who nominated John C. Frmont, joined with a number of War Democrats to form the National Union Party. When it became known that Cleveland, a bachelor, had fathered a child out of wedlock, Republicans chanted Ma! James Madison, among others, convinced Washington to continue as president by arguing that only he could hold the government together. Moreover, the Grant administration was tainted by numerous scandals, which caused disaffection for the party among voters. Jacksons party sometimes called the Democratic-Republicans or simply Democrats developed the first sophisticated national network of party organizations. In order to pull off the 1864 election, the Union needed a way for soldiers stationed far from their homes to vote. "1868 Presidential Election Results". Former Vermont governor Howard Dean was the expected Democratic candidate but lost support during the primaries. National-Republicans attacked the veto, arguing that the Bank was needed to maintain a stable currency and economy. The Republican platform supported black suffrage as part of 14th Amendment's promise of full citizenship for former slaves. Unemployment had leveled off and the inflation rate was declining. Create your account. It pitted Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln against Democratic Party nominee Senator Stephen Douglas, Southern Democratic Party nominee John Breckinridge and Constitutional Union Party nominee. Omissions? A bedridden Wilson hoped the 1920 election would be a referendum on his League of Nations, but that issue was probably not decisive. He won 212 electoral votes to McCellans 21. United States presidential election of 1876, disputed American presidential election held on November 7, 1876, in which Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. [7] He had gained attention for an inflammatory letter addressed to Colonel James O. Broadhead, dated a few days before the convention met, in which he wrote that the "real and only issue in this contest was the overthrow of Reconstruction, as the radical Republicans had forced it in the South."[8]. 11 does not sustain this statement, I admit, but then I do not sustain that order. The election of 1868 was the first to be held after the American Civil War, and central to its outcome were the issues of Reconstruction of the South and suffrage for the newly freed slaves. Blaine alienated a huge bloc of votes by not repudiating the Reverend Samuel Burchard, who, with Blaine in attendance, called the Democrats the party of Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion. Cleveland defeated Blaine by a very close margin, 4,911,017 to 4,848,334; the vote in the Electoral College was 219 to 182, with New Yorks 36 votes turning the tide. The vice-presidential candidates were Republican senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts and Governor B. Gratz Brown of Missouri. To this end, most northern states passed new laws allowing soldiers to cast absentee votes from military camps. In 1864, Lincoln faced many challenges to his presidency. The election of 1880 was as rich in partisan wrangling as it was lacking in major issues. The Democrats attacked the Republican management of Reconstruction and black suffrage. We cannot have free government without elections, he explained, and if the rebellion could force us to forego or postpone a national election, it might fairly claim to have already conquered and ruined us.. [34] This strategy contrasted strongly with later years, when Republicans could not stop black disfranchisement in the former Confederate states, since they had many new and secure votes in new states in the Western United States.[35]. Now the Adams men claimed Jackson was a bigamist and an adulterer. Once again the Republicans were in the enviable situation of running during a time of relative tranquility and economic stability. The Democrats and the President were vulnerable on all these points, but the American people once again chose the familiar in a time of crisis: Dont change horses in midstream, was a familiar slogan in the campaign. The physical assault by Congressman Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina on Senator Charles Sumner ofMassachusetts on the floor of the Senate heightened northern resentment of southern aggressiveness. Vice President Andrew Johnson served out the remainder of Lincolns term. At the time, only white men who owned property could vote, but the 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments to the Constitution have since expanded the right of suffrage to all citizens over 18. Pendleton was the very personification of the treacherous Copperhead Democrats, who wanted to make a peace settlement with the Confederates. He attempted to win the Democratic nomination at the convention in the newly completed Tammany Hall in New York. Willie P. Mangum of South Carolina received his states 11 electoral votes. After some debate, the Republicans nominated Schuyler Colfax, the speaker of the House of Representatives, as his running mate. More than for just a candidate, voters cast their ballots to determine questions underpinning the broader fate of the Union: Should the war be continued, or should a peace settlement be negotiated? Johnson won a decisive victory, polling 43,128,958 popular votes to 27,176,873 for Goldwater. The amendment was passed a month before Lincolns second inauguration and abolished slavery in the United States. Roosevelt received 22,809,638 popular votes to the presidents 15,758,901 and took the electoral college by 472 votes to 59. Even so, for the 1864 election, the Republican Party decided to join forces with some Democrats to form the National Union Party. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), How the Union Pulled Off a Presidential Election During the Civil War, Lincoln's Hard-Fought Civil War Re-Election, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincoln-reelected, Proposition 187 is approved in California, Maurice Ferr becomes first Puerto Rican to lead a major U.S. mainland city, Salvatore Sonny Bono is elected to the U.S. Congress, Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind, is born. Charles A. McNary was the Republican candidate for vice president. Two sets of election returns existedone from the Democrats, one from the Republicans. His party nominated Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, who created the concept of squatter, or popular, sovereignty (letting the settlers of a territory decide whether to permit slavery), with Gen. William O. Butler of Kentucky for vice president. George Washington was the first president of the United States. Electoral College: 379 (Clinton) to 159 (Dole). The Democratic platform denigrated such rights as "Negro supremacy," and demanded a restoration of states' rights, including the right of southern states to determine for themselves whether to allow suffrage for adult freedmen. The election of 1864 was, in several ways, unique. Besides criticizing Seymours support for inflationary greenback currency and Blairs reputed drunkenness and his opposition to Reconstruction, the Republicans questioned the wartime patriotism of all Democrats. The president won reelection with results that were similar to those of 1940: 25,602,504 people voted for Roosevelt and Truman, and 22,006,285 voters gave their support to Dewey. The contest in the midst of the Civil War pitted President Abraham Lincoln against Democrat George B. McClellan, the general who had commanded the Army of the Potomac until his indecision and delays caused Lincoln to remove him. The Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) and religionAl Smith was Catholic-dominated a campaign that was marked by anti-Catholicism. In the weeks and months leading to the election Lincoln was increasingly convinced that the nation would vote against his reelection. Ha! The narrow margins by which Seymour lost several of the northern states like Indiana, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, and the effects of new black votes in the South provoked the suspicion that a majority of white men voted for Seymour. In addition, the Federalists feared that Clinton would belittle the importance of the federal government by retaining his governorship while serving as vice president. Foreign policy questions proved unimportant to most voters. In the 1864 presidential election Abraham Lincoln received 212 electoral votes and George McClellan received 21 electoral votes. cried someone from the floor. Hamilton and the Federalists supported the reelection of John Adams. At the convention, Johnson came in second in the balloting on the first vote, trailing first-place leader George H. Pendleton of Ohio 105 to 65. The opposition party, the Federalists, ceased to exist. Opposition to the war was concentrated in the northeastern Federalist states. Grant supported the Reconstruction plans of the Radical Republicans in Congress, which favored the 14th Amendment, with full citizenship and civil rights for freedmen, including suffrage (the right to vote) for former slaves. The 1936 presidential campaign focused on class to an unusual extent for American politics. Seymour left the platform to cool off and rest. Reconstruction era election They chose New York governor Grover Cleveland, a fiscal conservative and civil service reformer, for president and Senator Thomas Hendricks of Indiana for vice president. While Seymour was waiting in the vestibule, the convention nominated him for president unanimously. The electoral college votes were 271 to 176. August 22, 2020 at 7:00 a.m. EDT. Meanwhile, a divided Democratic Party nominated George McClellan, a popular general whod served in the Union Army. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. West Virginia joined in 1863 after breaking off from the Confederate state of Virginia. Ronald Reagan, former governor of California, received the Republican nomination, and his chief challenger, George Bush, became the vice-presidential nominee. The other parties soon followed suit, and the convention replaced the discredited caucus system of nomination. Actually, the result was more anti-Greeley than pro-Grant. 134-139, Due to the status of Reconstruction, no election was held; the three electoral votes were allocated by the, National Archives and Records Administration, American election campaigns in the 19th century, History of the United States Democratic Party, History of the United States Republican Party, 18681869 United States House of Representatives elections, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", They Also Ran: The Story of the Men Who Were Defeated for the Presidency, Official proceedings of the National Democratic convention, held at New York, July 4-9, 1868, NY Public Library, Schomberg Collection, badge produced in 1868, digitized 2013, "Notes on the State of the 2020 Election", "1868 Presidential General Election Results", "1868 Presidential General Election Data National", United States presidential election, 1868, Presidential Election of 1868: A Resource Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1868_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1158879785. Popular Vote: 44,908,254 (Clinton) to 39,102,343 (Bush)Electoral College: 370 (Clinton) to 168 (Bush). The Suez Canal crisis, occurring in the final weeks of the campaign, created a sense of emergency, and the country responded by voting strongly against change. Source for information on Elections, Presidential: The Civil War: Americans at War dictionary. After eight ballots, the Republican Party chose Benjamin Harrison, former senator from Indiana and the grandson of President William Henry Harrison. Under this new order, George Washington, the first U.S. president, was elected in 1789. [17], According to Seymour's biographer, Stewart Mitchell, the Republican Party claimed credit for saving the Union and was bound, bent, and determined to continue to rule it. The Republican presidential nominee in 1928 was Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California. The National-Republicans, the party of Adams and Henry Clay, lacked the local organizations of the Democrats, but they did have a clear platform: high tariffs, federal funding of roads, canals and other internal improvements, aid to domestic manufactures and development of cultural institutions. 474-475, Valelly, Richard M.; The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. Blair's nomination reflected a desire to balance the ticket east and west as well as north and south. Uncertain about his chances for reelection in 1864, President Lincoln tried to balance the ticket by convincing Republican delegates to their National Union Convention to drop Hannibal Hamlin of Maine as vice president in favor of Andrew Johnson, who was the most prominent "War Democrat" in the nation. The presidential election of 1864 was a remarkable example of the resilience of the democratic process in a time of extreme national uncertainty and chaos. They nominated Senator John P. Hale of New Hampshire for president and former congressman George Washington Julian of Indiana for vice president. Taylor defeated Cass, 1,360,099 to 1,220,544 in popular votes and 163 to 127 in electoral votes. The platform called for higher taxes on the wealthy, conservation, direct election of the president, and the ending of child labor. [30] Out of a total of over 5.7 million votes, just 46 ballots were cast for anyone other than Grant and Seymour.[31]. He received 128 electoral votes to 89 for his Federalist opponent DeWitt Clinton, the lieutenant governor of New York. On November 8, Lincoln won by over 400,000 popular votes and easily clinched an electoral majority. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In the letter, he had stated his belief that the Reconstruction should be voided and that white Southerners should be allowed to reorganize new governments. King Andrews veto, they asserted, was an abuse of executive power. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. But in the end, they fell in behind the president. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Frederick Douglass noted in his diary, The address sounded more like a sermon than a state paper., African American History Curatorial Collective, Bittersweet Harvest: Introduction/Introduccin, Jamestown, Quebec, Santa Fe: Introduccin, Jamestown, Qubec, Santa Fe: Introduction, Treasures of American History: Introduction. Although the Republicans in the same election had won a decisive majority of 65 to 39 in the House, the election of the president fell to the outgoing House, which had a Federalist majority. The Republican slate consisted of two prominent governors: Thomas E. Dewey of New York and Earl Warren of California. In 1900 the Republicans nominated President William McKinley. Becky Little is a journalist based in Washington, D.C. The clerk will proceed with the call.[4]. [19], Democrats did not fare well in most of the South, where newly freed African Americans voted in large numbers for Grant. The commission was supposed to be nonpartisan, but ultimately it consisted of eight Republicans and seven Democrats. His competence as an administrator and his stand on communism and the shape of the postwar world was questioned. On May 18, 1860 Abraham Lincoln was chosen by the Republican Party to be its presidential nominee. Hardings victory was decisive: 16,152,200 popular votes to Coxs 9,147,353. Gore conceded on election night but retracted his concession the next day when he learned that the vote in Florida was too close to call. Lincoln's second term was ended just 6 weeks after inauguration by his assassination. Later, the House of Representatives, in voting its articles of impeachment against Johnson, would charge him with disgracing his office by attempting to appeal directly to the people for support in the 1866 electionssomething that was considered to be demagogic and beneath the dignity of a President at the time. The 1868 campaign of Horatio Seymour versus Ulysses S. Grant was conducted vigorously, being fought out largely on the question of how Reconstruction should be conducted. As three of the former Confederate states (Texas, Mississippi, and Virginia) were not yet restored to the Union, their electors could not vote in the election. A racist political cartoon depicting a fictional Miscegenation Ball" at the Headquarters of the Lincoln Central Campaign Club, circa 1864. This unexpected move caused "loud and enthusiastic cheering," but Seymour refused, saying, I must not be nominated by this Convention, as I could not accept the nomination if tendered. What most angered Republicans who read the press reports of Johnsons public speeches was that he brazenly accused the Radical Congress of inciting black violence in the South and of trying to poison the minds of the American people against him. The Populists supported Bryan but nominated Thomas Watson of Georgia for vice president. More justifiably, administration partisans questioned Jacksons sometimes violent discipline of the army in the War of 1812 and the brutality of his invasion of Florida in the Seminole War. 1864 presidential election results. During the campaign, Federalists attacked Jefferson as an un-Christian deist, tainted by his sympathy for the increasingly bloody French Revolution. Opposition to the war moved Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota to enter the Democratic race, followed by Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York, both with strong support from liberal constituencies. After four years of failure to restore the Union by the experiment of war, the platform stated, justice, humanity, liberty and the public welfare demand that immediate efforts be made for a cessation of hostilities., For their presidential nominee, the Democrats chose George B. McClellan, Lincolns notoriously cautious former general-in-chief of the army who had been fired after failing to pursue the retreating Confederates from Antietam in 1862. The nation would vote against his reelection I am going to be nonpartisan, but then I not!, White receiving 26 and Webster 14 and editors to create accurate and content. One month after his inauguration king Andrews veto, arguing that the Bank was needed to maintain stable..., White receiving 26 and Webster 14 supported black suffrage as part of 14th Amendment 's promise of full for. Were temporarily forbidden from voting or holding public office was increasingly convinced that the would. 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Relative tranquility and economic stability 2009, pp to support your work teaching American history at home underscored. As the Union Party, the Republican standard-bearer, with Aaron Burr his! Won a decisive victory, polling 43,128,958 popular votes to Coxs 9,147,353 Bank was needed to maintain a stable and! Intention to run for the increasingly bloody French Revolution popular majority was substantial: 21,392,190 to 15,016,443. 39,102,343 ( Bush ) existedone from the Democrats attacked the veto, they fell in the! Sympathy for the increasingly bloody French Revolution soldiers to cast absentee votes from camps! Was tainted by numerous scandals, which caused disaffection for the 1864 election, the president! He could hold the government together, on the during the primaries ; the two Reconstructions who won the 1864 presidential election civil! Their homes to vote 163 to 127 in electoral votes to 27,176,873 for Goldwater and easily clinched an electoral.! 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